It has low radiation power and narrow frequency bandwidth. Design of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna using. Submitted to the faculty of the worcester polytechnic institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of bachelor of science by. Figure 1 uses a cartesian coordinate system, where the x and y axes are parallel with the. Its a dual band antenna having resonance frequencies of 2. International journal for research in applied science. The currents through this loop antenna will be in phase. The most common type of microstrip antenna is the patch antenna. Microstrip patch antenna design for ku band application.
Multiple patch antennas on the same substrate see image called microstrip antennas, can be used to make high gain array antennas, and phased arrays in which the beam can be electronically steered. The main goal of this paper is design a compact microstrip antenna module microstrip patch and fss structure. Pdf design and simulation microstrip patch antenna using cst. A broadband fourfeed circular patch antenna is demonstrated to generate highpurity dualmode vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum oam for the first time. In the drawing above, blue area is the substrate and brown area represents the top conducting layer which is half of the antenna. A transmit antenna needs a receiving antenna with the same polarization for optimum operation. Cst offers a wide range of em simulation software to address design challenges across the electromagnetic spectrum, from static and low frequency to microwave and rf, for a range of applications. Extensive optimization process for optimum antenna performance is generated besides analyzing the beam forming pattern of. A new dualband microstrip antenna with ushaped slot in this paper, we present a new dual band planar antenna.
These can be used to simulate antenna radiation patterns, installed performance and coupling in realistic environments. The following table 1 gives the design parameter specifications of the microstrip antenna. The direction of the maximum gain of the antenna is above the patch ie, in the direction of theta, while minor lobes are on the opposite side. An antenna is required to radiate and receive the signals and therefore their performance is key to the operation of the overall radio system. Reflected power is the power wasted out of the forward power. The following figure1 shows the gain pattern of the antenna in the farfield. Design and simulation microstrip patch antenna using cst. Optimization of sparameters of microstrip patch antenna in cst. This tm notation often leads to confusion and here is an attempt to explain that. Antenna projects using hfss electronics electrical projects. Lars josefsson is a fulbright scholar who has been with ericsson microwave systems in sweden since 1963 when he worked on ground scattering problems associated with radar design, infrared radiation and propagation, and airborne pulse doppler radar system analysis. Microstrip antenna or patch antenna basics in antenna and wave propagation by engineering funda duration. Simulation results using cst studio showed that high gain 54 % increment and efficiency is increased to 97% have been achieved by the proposed antenna module ms and fss. Microstrip patch antenna designed using cst microwave studio.
Conventional theories such as cavitymodel, transmission line model or full wave analysis. Design and analysis of microstrip patch antenna arrays. Textile antennae are still under testing, so they are rarely in focus. Analysis of the results is based on simulation using cst microwave studio. The center frequency will be approximately given by. The center conductor of the feeding coaxial cable is connected to one side of the slot, and the outside conductor of the cable to the other side of the slot. The radiation pattern of a microstrip or patch antenna is shown above.
This article describes the design, fabrication and testing of micro strip patch antennas operating at 2. A micro strip patch antenna consists of a very thin metallic patch placed a small. Generation of broadband highpurity dualmode oam beams. Index termsmicrostrip patch antenna, cst, return loss, vswr. Antennas using patches as constitutive elements in an array are also possible.
Based on the leaky cavity theory, the mode for analyzing patch antennas can be written as. The above equation says that the microstrip antenna should have a length equal to one half of a wavelength within the dielectric substrate medium. But is it possible to follow the same approach for travelling antenna spiral antenna or log periodic tooth antenna relevant answer. Microstrip patch antenna is used in mobile handset due to simple look, lower cost, small size and light in weight. The slot antenna can be considered as a loaded version of the inf antenna. If the antenna had a 100% radiation efficiency, all directivity would be converted to gain.
Introduction microstrip antennas basically consist of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric substrate, which has a ground plane on the other side. The substrate material used for the proposed antennas is fr4 lossy, with the dielectric constant of 4. Pdf introduction on microstrip patch antenna design rectangular microstrip patch antenna with microstrip feed line. When the feed point is moved to the shortcircuited end of the slot or inf antenna, the impedance decreases.
Fang microstrip antenna design handbook garg et al title says it all, but a few inaccuracies have been found. The return loss and the various gain plots have been studied along with the radiation patterns. Optimization of sparameters of microstrip patch antenna. The proposed antenna consists of a microstrip patch with a ushaped slot that is fed by a broadband electromagnetic coupling probe, known as lprobe. Jun 01, 2015 design and simulation microstrip patch antenna using cst microwave studio 1.
Google for microstrip patch antenna handbook or go into the arrl magazine or any other ham radio organisations. When it is moved to the slot center or open end of the inf antenna, the impedance. Department of electrical engineering national institute of technology, rourkela odisha, india769008 certificate this is to certify that the thesis entitled design of ultra small microstrip patch antenna. Consideration is given on practical design technique, including substrate selection and antenna measurements. The substrate too is a textile material with specific dielectric constant. Antenna simulation models used in my researches and projects. In this study an irregularly shaped microstrip patch antenna was designed, simulated, and optimized for airtoground communication atg applications.
Design and simulation microstrip patch antenna using cst microwave studio 1. A patch antenna is a narrowband, widebeam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate, such as a printed circuit board, with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side. Ec 4th year shivanshu awasthi ec 4th year sarvesh kumar nishad ec 4th year. Antenna downtilt and coverage calculator pasternack the antenna downtilt and coverage calculator aka antenna tilt angle calculator is used to determine the approximate downward angle, measured in degrees, which the transmitting antenna is to be positioned for optimal signal strength and coverage. Design and performance analysis of microstrip patch. Design and performance analysis of microstrip patch antenna.
When i was young not even in university i had an identical task to design narrow band strip line filters for 2 and 4ghz. Return loss curve, vswr and the far field results are shown for designed antenna. The patch is generally made of conducting material such as copper and gold wikipedia, 2010. However, the most attractive feature of this design is its form factor. A slot will be placed on the ground plane and feed line will be placed on lower substrate. Design and simulation of microstrip patch array antenna. The process started with the design of a rectangular patch antenna with the traditional transmission line and cavity methods, followed by a simulation with the finitedifference timedomain method fdtd in conjunction. In 1968 he moved to the antenna department at ericsson where he was involved with broadband polarizers and twist reflectors, stripline and waveguide slot arrays, and phased array antenna systems. In this part of the tutorial, we will use the dimension calculated in the first part to design the patch antenna in cst microwave studio. It consists of area of metallization supported above a ground plane by a thin dielectric substrate and fed against the ground at an appropriate location. The patch antenna performs reasonably well in terms of return loss and radiation efficiency. For wideband patch antenna design on new cst 2017 version, please watch this.
There is another bottom layer underneath blue area covering the whole area that is the ground conducting layer the other half of the antenna. Thus, the patch operates as an array of two slots with a freespace separation somewhat less than. The frequency of operation of the patch antenna of figure 1 is determined by the length l. Proposed antenna has geometrical structure as shown in figure 1.
However, the gain and bandwidth of the microstrip patch antenna are very less. It is emphasised to the radiation properties of the antennasthe radiation pattern and polarization purity. Electromagnetic theory, cst microwave studio, microstrip patchantenna, stacked patches, sband. Patch antenna, dipoles are mostly resonant antenna. Design of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna using inset. The basics of patch antennas, updated orban microwave. The design and simulation of the antenna is carried out using cst microwave studio simulation software. Mar 17, 2017 this video explains the use of cst for rf application to design patch antenna. Cst microwave studio is used to design the metamaterial based rectangular microstrip patch antenna. A patch antenna is a narrowband, widebeam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate, such as a printed circuit board, with a continuous metal layer bonded to. Idris, design and analysis of rectangular microstrip patch antenna for global wlan applications using matlab and cst microstudio software, international journal of engineering.
Design and analysis of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. Following equations or formula are used for this microstrip patch antenna calculator. An rf current carrying coil is given a single turn into a loop, can be used as an antenna called as loop antenna. Fang microstrip antenna design handbook garg et al title says it all, but a few inaccuracies have been found antenna theory constantine balanis used for antennas i elen 715. It also provides, given a beamwidth, the inner and outer. The properties of the antenna such as bandwidth, s parameter, vswr have been investigated. Basic antenna theory and application a major qualifying project report. Performance analysis of different shapes patch antennas at 2. Left side view of the microstrip patch antenna the proposed microstrip patch antenna at designed frequency 14 ghz on teflon dielectric substrate simulated with cst mw studio simulator. Typical antennas designed for the microwave range are quite large in size.
The patch antenna, microstrip transmission line and ground plane are made of high conductivity metal typically copper. This polarization can be either vertical or horizontal depending on the orientation of the patch. Cst studio suite is suitable for designing a wide range of antenna types, including horns. Maximum radiation is normal to the plane of the patch. Surface current distribution of a patch antenna cst microwave studio 2010.
Designed and simulated by cst computer simulation technology. Surface current distribution of a patch antenna cst microwave. The antenna is being excited with the coaxial feed point located at distance dx and dy from the centre of the patch. Secondly, the microstrip antenna was designed to operate at 100 mhz, but it is resonant at approximately 96 mhz. Z folder contents the input impedance with real and image part u need. Microstrip patch antennas or simply patch antenna are increasingly useful because the antenna is printed directly onto a circuit board. The aim of the paper is to design as tacked nearly square microstrip patch antenna design for s band 2 ghz to 4 ghz and study the effect of antenna dimensions length l, and substrate parameters relative dielectric constant. Design of microstrip antenna in cst microwave studio this is the second part of the inset fed patch antenna design tutorial using cst microwave studio. Oct 12, 2018 cst studio suite is an industryleading em simulation tool, with multiple solvers for suitable for a wide range of applications. When the antenna is excited, the waves generated within the dielectric undergo reflections and the energyis radiated from the edges of the metal patch,which is very low. The magnetic field will be perpendicular to the whole loop carrying the current. Design and simulation microstrip patch antenna using cst microwave studio. From the menu results s parameter calculations calculate z and y matices then, in the result tree, u will see two new folders y and z.
Design and improvement of microstrip patch antenna. The directivity of a patch can be estimated quite easily. The patch antenna is a good place to start for antenna fundamentals with more coming. Simple dipole antenna to understand the function of the antenna we consider the antenna to be enclosed by a surface volume and radiate in homogenous space free space. As the outcome from this final year project, a suitable phased array antenna operating at 12 ghz is designed using cst software. Rectangular patch antennas are notoriously narrowband. This website is intended to be a source of knowledge for learning about and understanding antennas. Both reflected power and vswr indicate the same thing. Evaluative assessment of an xband microstrip patch antenna for. Radiation characteristics of the antenna and different methods for control.
Cst offers accurate, efficient computational solutions for electromagnetic design and analysis. The radiation pattern of microstrip or patch antenna is broad. There are few basic things that must be known before designing an antenna in general such as. Alternate feed methods a common variation in patch antenna design is the location and routing of the feed, to obtain a desired feedpoint impedance, to control the polarization, or for convenient layout. Microstrip antenna design with cst my antenna simulations. In 1968 he moved to the antenna department at ericsson where he was involved with broadband polarizers and. Cst beginners tutorial for microwave antenna design youtube. Design and analysis of microsrtip square patch antenna under the kind guidance of. The fundamentals of patch antenna design and performance. First, the bandwidth of the patch antenna is very small. In general microstrip patch antennas are also known as printed antennas.
This radiation pattern shows that the antenna radiates more power in a certain direction than another direction. This design is extended circular planar microstrip patch antenna that uses defected ground plane which covers the entire uwb range. Generally, patch antenna has a shape of rectangle, and it can be feed with copper cable or microstrip line in our case. Top view of the microstrip patch antenna all dimensions are in millimeter mm fig.
The gain of these antennas is between the ranges between 8dbi to 20dbi. Additional benefits of patch antennas is that they are easily fabricated making them cost effective. The main focus of this paper is to improve band width so that patch antenna is used for wide band. Microstrip patch antennas have become the favorite of antenna designers because of its versatility and advantages of planar profile, ease of fabrication, compatibility with integrated circuit technology, and conformability with a shaped surface. There is another bottom layer underneath blue area covering the whole area that is the ground. The design and simulation of patch antennas is widely used in mobile cellular phones today, and our emphasis in this work is on optimization of a 2. Performance analysis of different shapes patch antennas at. The optimizer tries to minimize the sparameter data. The proposed dimensions of the microstrip patch antenna is x mm.
Cst simulation software is userfriendly and enables us to ch. This antenna does not take any much extra size and can be etched on the same mobile pcb itself. How to get started with designing a microstrip patch. Pdf design and analysis quadband patch antenna for. The patch is of length l, width w, and sitting on top of a substrate some dielectric circuit board.
This video shows how to design a wideband patch antenna or monopole antenna in cst from the scratch including simulation results s11. Consider the microstrip antenna shown in figure 1, fed by a microstrip transmission line. Design, simulation, and optimization of an irregularly. Figure 3 shows the front view geometry and the designed structure of the designed microstrip patch antenna with single band operation for the wlan band on the cst microwave studio software. Generally it is common to find study of microstrip antenna conformal on. A patch antenna radiates power in certain directions and we say that the antenna has directivity usually expressed in dbi. I need to find the minimum level that the s1,1 db can be reached, but when i use the minoperator in the optimizer,it means.
Pdf design of rectangular patch antenna array using. The design is based on the transmission line model and is simulated in cst. Design of an aperture coupled patch array antenna with cst. As everything is made up of textile material, it is called textile antenna.
The patch is very thin t patch antenna calculator formula. Minimizing the sparameter data means that the optimizer tries to find a. Antenna theory radiation pattern radiation is the term used to represent the emission or reception of wave front at the antenna, specifying its strength. Their low profile design, often square or rectangular, allows them to be mounted to flat surfaces. Abstract a square uwb microstrip patch antenna with reduced ground plane is designedfor c band applications. U can check the input impedance of antenna in cst with both real and image part. According to the standard definition, a band of frequencies in a wavelength, specified for the particular communication, is known as bandwidth. A variant of the patch antenna commonly used in mobile phones is the shorted patch antenna, or planar invertedf antenna pifa. The basic structure of the microstrip patch antenna is shown in figure 1. Uwb square microstrip patch antenna for cband applications. The frequency range in which the antenna is planed to be be propagating, the size of the antenna, the material, the gain of the antenna and. Typical half wave patches have efficiencies well above 90%. The main objective of this paper is to enhance the gain of the microstrip antenna by using frequency selective surfaces as a superstrate.
889 1164 674 479 1621 81 587 218 1463 1531 1255 947 1503 740 254 1437 442 370 539 227 946 784 1218 1153 1501 478 614 990 934 156 1120 1537 899 466 1467 1249 872 22 1331 78 1477